Conditional Sentences (Kalimat Pengandaian) adalah suatu bentuk kalimat majemuk yang dapat kita
gunakan ketika kita ingin mengatakan bahwa sesuatu tersebut adalah suatu akibat
atau konsekuensi yang tergantung pada situasi lainnya. Di dalamnya terdapat
klausa pengandaian (IF CLAUSE) dan klausa akibat (RESULT CLAUSE). Pada
bentuk conditional sentences kita menggunakan kata "if
(jika)".
IF CLAUSE Type 1, 2, 3
1.
CONDITIONAL TYPE 1
Conditional sentence type 1 digunakan
untuk menunjukan sesuatu hal yang mungkin atau tidak mungkin terjadi diwaktu
yang akan datang . Conditional type I
dibentuk dengan if clause (dalam simple
present tense) dan main clause ( dalam simple
future tense ).
if
+ simple present , subject + will + bare
invinitive
·
if i finish
work early , i play tennis
·
if she has
enough time , she will come to your house
·
if you
invite us , we will come to your wedding party
If + simple present + modal auxiliary (can, may,
must, will) digunakam untuk menunjukan suatu kemungkinan (possibility) , izin
(permission), kepastian (certainty).
If
+ simple present ,subject + can,may,must + bare
infinitive
· if you
leave now, you will arrive in time (certain result)
· if you leave
now , you may arrive in time (possibility)
·
if he is in
hurry , he can use my car (permission)
2. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES: TYPE II
Conditional sentence type II digunakan untuk menunjukkan
sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan fakta atau yang sesungguhnya di waktu
sekarang.
If + subject +
simple past, subject + would, could, might + bare infinitive
·
If you had
longer legs, you would be able to run faster
·
If you spoke
English well , he would be accepted to work here
· If I had a
spare ticket , I would give it to him
Conditional
sentence type II juga digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu yang tidak kita
harapkan terjadi di waktu sekarang .
If + subject + simple past, subject + would, could, might + bare infinitive
·
If a robber
came into my house, I would throw a knife at him
·
If the man
chased me , I would ran away
·
If he wanted to
kill me , I would report him to a police
3. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES:
TYPE III
Conditional
sentence type III digunakan untuk menunjukan suatu penyelesaian (regret dan
lain-lain ) tentang sesuatu yang tidak akan pernah terjadi lagi diwaktu
sekarang.
If + subject +
past perfect , would/could/might + have + past
participle
·
If you had gone
by car, you would have arrive in bandung
·
If you had
studied english seriously, you would spoken english well
·
If she had
tried harder, she would have been successful
·
If you had left
early, you might have arrive there
If had been
you/inyour position
“if i had been you / in your position” digunakan untuk menunjukan apa yang
sudah akan kita lakukan jika kita berada dalam posisi orang lain.
· If i had been
in your position, i would have accepted her offer of help
· If i had been
mary, i would have paid fifty million rupiah for the car
Example
- If i finish work early , I will play tennis
Fact : It is possible that I will play tennis
- If i finished work early, I would play tennis
Fact : I don’t finish work early, so I don’t play tennis
- If i finished work early, I would played tennis
Fact : I didn’t finish work early, so I didn’t play tennis
- If he arrives on time, I will speak wih him
Fact : It is possible that he arrives on time
- If he arrived on time, I would speak with him
Fact : He don’t arrives on time, so i don’t speak him
- If he arrived on time, I would spoke with him
Fact : He didn’t arrives on time, so I didn’t speak him
- If you invite us , we will come to your wedding party
Fact : It is possible that you invite us
- If you invited us, we would come to your wedding party
Fact : I don’t invite us, so we don’t wedding party
- If you invited us, we would came to your weeding party
Fact : I didn’t invite us, so we didn’t wedding party
- If you speak english well, he would be accept to work here
Fact : It is possible that you speak english well
- If you spoke English well , he would be accepted to work here
Fact : I don’t speak english well, so he don’t accept to work here
- If you spoked english well, he would be accepted to work here
Fact : I didn’t speak english well, so he didn’t accept to work
CONTOH
SOAL TOEFL BESERTA JAWABAN DAN ALASAN
SOAL TOEFL BESERTA JAWABAN DAN
ALASAN
1. The first recorded
use of natural gas to light street lamps it was in the town of
Frederick, New York, in
A B C D
A B C D
1825.
Answer : B (it was)
The use of the
pronoun subject it is unnecessary; it should be omitted.
2. The French Quarter is the most famous
and the most old section of New Orleans.
A B
C
D
Answer : C (most old)
The superlative
form of a one-syllable adjective (old) is formed with the suffix -est:
oldest.
3. Liquids take the
shape of any container which in they are placed.
A
B
C
D
Answer : C (which)
in The
preposition must precede the relative pronoun: in which.
4. Many communities are
dependent on
groundwater __________
from wells for
their water supply.
(A) that
obtained
(B) obtained
(C) is obtained
(D) obtain it
Answer : B (obtained)
The only correct
way to complete this sentence is with a participle (obtained really
means which is obtained).
5. Physical therapists
help patients relearn how to use their bodies after
disease or injure.
A
B
C
D
Answer : D (injure)
A noun (injury),
not a verb (injure), is required.
6. Not only
____________________ places of
beauty, but they also
serve scientific and
educational purposes
as well.
(A) are
botanical gardens
(B) botanical
gardens to be
(C) botanical
gardens are
(D) to be
botanical gardens
Answer : A (are
botanical gardens)
A main verb,
such as are, is required to complete the clause (to be is not a
main verb), and the subject and verb must be inverted because the clause begins
with the negative phrase not only.
7.
Would you
mind.....for a minute
a.
Waiting
b.
To wait
c.
Wait
d.
That i wait
Jawaban : C.
Wait
Alasan
: would you mind + gerund
Would you
mind...is followed by a gerund and is used for a request
8.
He threw a vase
at the burglar but... him.
a.
Shot
b.
Fired
c.
Missed
d.
Hi
Jawaban : C. Missed
Jawaban : C. Missed
Alasan
: To miss
To fire = to
shoot off bullets / arrows
`
To miss = to
fail to hit
To hit = to
brings something hard against.
9. She’s young and
full...life
a.
With
b.
Having
c.
Of
d.
A long with
Jawaban : C. OF
ALASAN : to be “OF” is used with the
preposition; to be full of the stadium is full of
people.
10. He spends his
time .... after grils.
a.
Running
b.
To run
c.
Ran
d.
Runs
Jawaban
: a. Running
Alasan
: spendtime doing sth
Here you are
asked about the pattern ‘spend time doing sth’.
11. We don’t know
..... we have to change planes or not.
a.
If
b.
Until
c.
That
d.
When
Jawaban : A. If
Alasan
: Indirect question
Here the conjunction “IF” indriduces an indirect
question.
12. L like vienna,
but i wish it ... a bit hooter
a.
Is
b.
Were
c.
Becomes
d.
Became
Jawaban :
B. Were
ALASAN : Wish clause “we don’t use simple
present tense in wish - clause.
13. He rarely gets
drunk.....?
a.
Doesn’t he
b.
Does he
c.
Won’t be
d.
Will be
Jawaban :
B. Does he
ALASAN : we form tgas with an
auxiliary (e.g. do, have, did or a modal (e.g. can,
must, should) plus apronoun (e.g. he, she, it).
must, should) plus apronoun (e.g. he, she, it).
14. She’s too tired
to go....
a.
Shooping
b.
To shop
c.
Shop
d.
For shopping
Jawaban
: A. Shopping
Alasan
: got gerund
We can use
gerund to talk about things we go out to do.
15. I know a man
called rupert .... house is near ypurs
a.
Who
b.
Whom
c.
That
d.
Whose
Jawaban
: D. Whose
Alasan
: relative clauses – possession case
Here you are
asked whether you know the relative clause or not.
16. Some...don’t like such jokes.
a.
Child
b.
Man
c.
Woman
d.
People
Jawaban : D.
People
ALASAN : some – countable and
uncountable nouns some can be followed by both a
countable and an uncountable noun.
countable and an uncountable noun.
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